- General meaning: A predisposition to prefer one thing over another regardless of merit. For example, a judge is biased if they have a predisposition to make a judicial decision against or in favor of a party prior to hearing any evidence.
- Meaning in data analysis: The difference between an estimator's expected value and its actual value. A statistic is said to be biased if it is calculated in such a way that its result can be expected to be systematically different from what it is trying to estimate. For example, if you attempted to estimate the future height of a child based on the average height of the child's parents, the estimate would be biased because, over time, generations get taller so this estimate is biased downwards.
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